Ancient+China+(Shang)

The Shang dynasty started in 1766-1045 BC and was originated in China. Thier first emperor was Shang Tang.

 * left behind lots of documents about their dynasty
 * the highest one was the king, nobles, commoners, and slaves.
 * worshiped ancestors and many gods like Shang Ti, the Lord on High
 * known for jade,bronze, horse-drawn chariots and their organized armies
 * 2000 BC-developed picture writing that was written in oracle bones

The Shang Dynasty believed in many gods, but they focused on Shang Ti, the Highly God. It was believed that he makes fruitful harvest and gives assistance in battle. Shang Ti has power over the lesser gods, the sun and moon, wind and rain, and other natural forces. The Shang Dynasty also worships their ancestors that lived in the spirit world. They worship them by placing food in a bronze vessel and wine in a bronze container. They pray by offering sacrifices. They believe that their ancestors wouldprotect them and try to keep away as many bad things as they could. The kings can communicate with their ancestors. The ancestors can communicate with Shang Ti. Shang Ti **The main religion for the Chinese are Buddhism. **
 * __ Religion __**

__Buddhism__ > > >  Shang Dynasty > **‍The Shang Dynasty started in 1766-1045 BC and was originated in China. Their first emperor was Shang Tang. The Shang Dynasty was in rule of parts in northern and central China. Their capital city was at Anyang near the border of Henan 1384 BCE. This dynasty was based on millet, wheat and barley. Wheat and barley were the primary crops grown in the Dynasty. In addition to the wheat crops, silkworms, pigs, dogs, sheep, and oxen were raised. Bronze ships, weapons, and tools were found from that era. **
 * -Buddhism has been around in China for 2,000 years. Today China has 13,000-some Buddhist temples and about 200,000 Buddhist monks and nuns. Among them are 120,000 lamas and nuns, more than 1,700 Buddhas, and 3,000-some temples of Tibetan Buddhism. The Buddhist temples are known as holy places. Chinese Buddhist temples have many characteristics of their own which make them different from other religions' temples.The architectural styles of China’s Buddhist temples were mainly formed in three periods. The first period was the __Han Dynasty__  (from 206 BC to 220 AD). The second period was the __Northern and Southern__  Dynasties (from 386 AD to 589 AD). And the third period was the Tang Dynasty (618-907). The first period sees the retention of Indian styles. In the second period, wooden framework was added to the original styles. In the third period, the styles of Buddhist temples were totally Sinicized and the pavilion-like pagoda, which is unique to China, became popular
 * 

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">__Clothing__
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">has 2 parts the Yi and Shang
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Yi:the top Shang: the bottom
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">sleeves are narrow and shash whre used as bottoms
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">colors are warm tones
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">for parties the colors are primary and green
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Men tied their hair in a knot covered with a cloth or hat. Women wore their hair braided and twisted and decorated with pins and combs. Peasants wore a long garment like a shirt made of hemp fiber.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Green, red, white, and black were symbols for north, south, east, and west.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">People of higher class dressed in the finest of silk. Wealthy men and women wore long robes tied with a sash. Underneath they wore trousers that were tight at the ankles.



<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">__Technology__
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Made instruments from bronze
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">sculptures carved on bronze.jade and pottery wares
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">pictures carves on stones, animal bones and horns
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">has 2 different dance:a religious and military dance
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">dancers have flags,weapons,fishing and hunting equipment, and sticks full of feathers

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">__Government__
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">rules by kings
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">kings were lawmakers and judge
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">no one dare to disobey them
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">when someone disobey a king, the king’s soldier would be king
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">when a king die their closest family takes the throne

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">__Arts__
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">made advanced art
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">carved marbles and jade
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">painted inks on silk
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">made bronze vessel and drums
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">most arts that’s made are given to the king for taxes
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">some for religious worship
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Chinese art dates back to 10,000 BC consisting of pottery and sculptures.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The first decorations were fish and humans but eventually evolved into symmetrical-geometric abstract designs
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Painting and calligraphy were the most highly appreciated arts in court circles.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Calligraphy was thought to be the highest and purest form of painting

//__**Invented**__// <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Chinese invented many things which we still use today. Some of their inventions are things such as kites, silk cloth, fireworks, compass, and bronze. They also made “The Great Wall of China” It was built by Shi Huangdi. He is known for uniting China and built a strong work force

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">__Religion__
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">believes that ancestor lived on a spirit world
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">worship-place food in bronze vessel & wine on bronze container
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">gives ascrifices
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">believed that their ancestors would protect them and try to keep away as many bad thing as they could
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">worship Shang Ti-Lord on High

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">__Agriculture__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Agriculture started about 7500 BC which played a role in the growth of the largest population in the world. Documentation of rice cultivation dates back to 7,700 years ago. Excavators have found farm tools made from bone and stone. The first sign of settled agriculture dates back to 5000 years ago. During the farming seasons of 722-481 BC two major improvements were made to farming. The use of cast iron tools and beasts of burden. such as cows, horses, and buffaloes.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">advanced farmers
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">plough using water buffalo or a human
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">plants rice on the south cuase it’s hot and swampy
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">plants millet in the north cuase its dry nd hot
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">have horses to travel or carry/pull heavy things
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">have dogs as pets

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">__Writing__
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">invented a sophisticated Chinese writing
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">written in vertical lines
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">first on bamboo then on rice paper on silk
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">then on oracle bones

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #285bac; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">__Ancient Chines writting__
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">each symbol stands for an idea, not a sound
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">spoken languages and the written language are not connected
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">a person could read chines without being able to speak a word of it
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">a person needed to know over 1,000 characters on order to be barley literate
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">scholar- needed to know around 10,000 characters
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">nobles children learned to write, but peasants children did not

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #285bac; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">__Technology__
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">craftmens were separated classes from everyone else in their society
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">they made things such as weapons, jewellery and religious items for their kings and nobles
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">bronze items were used in religious ritual and were symbols of power
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">discovered how to make silk cloth
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">they used silkworms cocoons to make the cloth

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0b5394; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">__Family and Society__
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">central to chines society
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">being respectful to your parents was a must
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">each family was controlled by the eldest person in their family
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">women had to obey their father, husband, and their own sons
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">back then woman ages 13-16 would be forced to be married and then would move out with their husband
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">loyalty was very important to other families
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">owed respect to ruler of Shang dynasty

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0b5394; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">__Clothing and Fashion__
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Clothing is not only a external expression of elegance, but is also a internal symbolism
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Archaeological findings of 18,000 year-old artifacts such as bone sewing needles and stone beads and shells with holes bored in them proved the existence of ornamentation and sewing early in Chinese civilization
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Every piece of clothing communicates to a life of its own

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0b5394; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">__Government__
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The king of the Shang Dynasty were lawmaker and a judge.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The king have power over soldiers, and he can tell them what to do.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">When the king dies his closest relative takes over.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Shang’s first emperor was Shang Tang

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0b5394; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">__Location and Enviroment__
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Shang started in 1766-1045 BC
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Land between Hang He River in the north of Yangtze River in the south
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It was one of the dynasties that made China very powerful
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">And a successful civilization
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">They ruled parts of northern and central part of China

__**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Architecture **__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Ancient Chinese culture has built many palaces. For example E'pang Palace of the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC), Weiyang Palace of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220) to the Forbidden City of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) They used yellow roof tiles on the roofs of palaces. Yellow is the imperial color. However The Temple of Heaven has blue roof tiles to symbolize the sky. The Chinese five-clawed dragon, adapted by the first Ming emperor for his personal use, was used as decoration on the beams, pillars, and on the doors on Imperial architecture.



<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #0b5394; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">__Social Classes__

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Kings: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">•Ruled the land <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">•Lived in palaces <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">•Gave power to the warrior nobles <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">•Built tombs <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">•Enjoyed power over the military <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Warrior Nobles: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">•Owned the land <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">•Lived in the insides of the city for protection <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">•Sent tribute to the king in exchange to have the power to control <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Peasants and Laborers: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">•Worked as farmers <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">•Lived in the outside of the city in small huts

__<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Other Info __ • First official dynasty of China

• The slaves led a war against their slaved owners in 1122 B.C and it led to downfall of Shang Dynasty.

• Used horse-drawn chariots

• Cities had walls to keep away invaders.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sources:

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